ENERGY
Energy and Work
-Energy: The ability to do work.
-When work is done on an object, energy is transferred to that object.
-Work is a transfer of energy.
Kinetic Energy
-Kinetic Energy: The energy of motion.
-Kinetic comes from the Greek word kinetos meaning "moving".
-The kinetic energy of any moving object depends upon its mass and speed.
-Kinetic Energy = .5mv^2
Potential Energy
-Potential Energy: Energy that is stored as a result of position or shape.
-Plucking a string 0r lifting a book are examples of stored energy. Energy with the potential to do work.
-Gravitational Potential Energy: Potential energy that depends on an objects height.
-An objects gravitational potential energy depends on its mass, its height, and the acceleration due to gravity.
-Elastic Potential Energy: The potential energy of an object that is stretched or compressed.
-This can be stored in things such as rubber bands, springs, etc...
Forms of Energy
-Mechanical Energy: The energy associated with the motion and position of every day objects.
-Things like speeding trains, bouncing balls, and sprinting athletes all have this.
-Thermal Energy: Is made up by the total potential and kinetic energy of all the microscopic particles in an object.
-When an objects atoms move faster, its thermal energy increases and the object becomes warmer.
-When these objects get hot enough they emit visible light.
-Chemical Energy: The energy stored in chemical bonds.
-When bonds are broken, the released energy can do work.
-Cars use potential energy. The gasoline has bonds waiting to be broken,
-Electrical Energy: The energy associated with electric charges.
-Electric charges can exert forces that do work.
-Electromagnetic Energy: A form of energy that travels through space in the form of waves.
-Visible light and X rays are examples of this.
-Because electromagnetic waves can go long distances they are often used foe communication.
-Nuclear Energy: The energy stored in atomic Nuclei.
-The nucleus of an atom is held together by strong and weak nuclear forces, which store an enormous amount of potential energy.
Energy and Work
-Energy: The ability to do work.
-When work is done on an object, energy is transferred to that object.
-Work is a transfer of energy.
Kinetic Energy
-Kinetic Energy: The energy of motion.
-Kinetic comes from the Greek word kinetos meaning "moving".
-The kinetic energy of any moving object depends upon its mass and speed.
-Kinetic Energy = .5mv^2
Potential Energy
-Potential Energy: Energy that is stored as a result of position or shape.
-Plucking a string 0r lifting a book are examples of stored energy. Energy with the potential to do work.
-Gravitational Potential Energy: Potential energy that depends on an objects height.
-An objects gravitational potential energy depends on its mass, its height, and the acceleration due to gravity.
-Elastic Potential Energy: The potential energy of an object that is stretched or compressed.
-This can be stored in things such as rubber bands, springs, etc...
Forms of Energy
-Mechanical Energy: The energy associated with the motion and position of every day objects.
-Things like speeding trains, bouncing balls, and sprinting athletes all have this.
-Thermal Energy: Is made up by the total potential and kinetic energy of all the microscopic particles in an object.
-When an objects atoms move faster, its thermal energy increases and the object becomes warmer.
-When these objects get hot enough they emit visible light.
-Chemical Energy: The energy stored in chemical bonds.
-When bonds are broken, the released energy can do work.
-Cars use potential energy. The gasoline has bonds waiting to be broken,
-Electrical Energy: The energy associated with electric charges.
-Electric charges can exert forces that do work.
-Electromagnetic Energy: A form of energy that travels through space in the form of waves.
-Visible light and X rays are examples of this.
-Because electromagnetic waves can go long distances they are often used foe communication.
-Nuclear Energy: The energy stored in atomic Nuclei.
-The nucleus of an atom is held together by strong and weak nuclear forces, which store an enormous amount of potential energy.
Energy Conversion
-Energy can be converted from one form to another.
-The gravitational potential energy of an object is converted to the kinetic energy of motion as the object falls.
-The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be crated or destroyed.
Renewable/Nonrenewable Energy Resources
-Nonrenewable energy resources exist in limited quantities and once used, cannot be replaced except over the course of millions of years.
-Some examples of nonrenewable energy resources are oil, natural gas, coal, and uranium.
-Renewable energy resources are resources that can be replaced in a relatively short period of time.
-Some examples are hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, wind, biomass, and possibly in the future, nuclear fission.
Heat
-Heat: The transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature difference.
-Heat flows from hot objects to cold objects.
-Specific Heat: The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a material by one degree Celsius.
-The lower a materials specific heat, the more its temperature increases when heat is absorbed.
-Heat is measured in joules or calories.
-One calorie (cal) is the energy needed to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius.
Questions
1. What is energy? (see student solutions)
2. What is an example of chemical energy? (see student solutions)
3. What does an objects gravitational potential energy depend on?
4. What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state?
-Energy can be converted from one form to another.
-The gravitational potential energy of an object is converted to the kinetic energy of motion as the object falls.
-The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be crated or destroyed.
Renewable/Nonrenewable Energy Resources
-Nonrenewable energy resources exist in limited quantities and once used, cannot be replaced except over the course of millions of years.
-Some examples of nonrenewable energy resources are oil, natural gas, coal, and uranium.
-Renewable energy resources are resources that can be replaced in a relatively short period of time.
-Some examples are hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, wind, biomass, and possibly in the future, nuclear fission.
Heat
-Heat: The transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature difference.
-Heat flows from hot objects to cold objects.
-Specific Heat: The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a material by one degree Celsius.
-The lower a materials specific heat, the more its temperature increases when heat is absorbed.
-Heat is measured in joules or calories.
-One calorie (cal) is the energy needed to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius.
Questions
1. What is energy? (see student solutions)
2. What is an example of chemical energy? (see student solutions)
3. What does an objects gravitational potential energy depend on?
4. What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state?
The light bulb application is all the types of energy. If you pay attention, you will see them all around you.