THE PERIODIC TABLE
-First off, here is the periodic table.
-First off, here is the periodic table.
-The Periodic Table of the elements shows all the elements we know of.
-Although it looks very out of order, and random, the entire table is set up in a pattern and in groups.
-The main way it is organized is by putting all the elements in order of increasing atomic mass.
-Atomic mass: A value that depends on the distribution of an elements isotopes in nature an the masses of those isotopes.
-A man named Mendeleev was the one who had the idea of arranging all the elements in rows according to increasing mass. He did that so that elements with similar properties were in the same column.
-Therefore the official definition of a Periodic Table is: an arrangement of elements in columns, based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row.
-In the modern Periodic Table, elements are arranged by increasing atomic number.
-Atomic Number: The number of protons in an element.
-There are 7 rows, or periods, in the table. There are 32 columns, or groups, in the table.
-Periods- Each row in the table is referred to as a period. Each period has a different amount of elements. Period one has 2 elements. Periods two and three have 8 elements. Periods four and five have 18 elements. Period six has 32 elements. The number of elements per period varies because the number of available orbitals increases from energy level, to energy level.
-Groups- The columns in the table are called groups. Elements within a group have similar properties. Properties of elements repeat in a predictable way when atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into groups. Elements in a group have similar electron configurations. An elements electron configuration determines its chemical properties. Because of that, the members of a group in the periodic table have similar chemical properties. That pattern of repeating properties is known as the periodic law.
-Along with groups and throughout the entire table, are many different types of elements such as metals, nonmetals, metalloids... etc. these are labeled in the periodic table above.
-Alkali Metals: Have a single valence electron and are extremely reactive. Found in nature, only in compounds. For example, table salt. Table salt is a compound of Sodium and Chlorine. They are in group 1A.
-Alkaline Earth Metals: They all have two valence electrons. These metals (found in group 2A) are harder than the metals in 1A. Differences in reactivity among these are shown by the ways they react with water.
-The Boron Family: Group 3A. They all have 3 valence electrons. Boron and Aluminum along with others are found in this group.
-The Carbon Family: Group 4A. Each of the elements in this group contain 4 valence electrons. As you can guess, Carbon is found in this group. Carbon is very important to life. It contold things in our bodies.
-The Oxygen Family: Group 6A. All the elements in this group have 6 valence electrons. Oxygen and Sulfur are two of the elements found in this group.
-The Halogens: Elements in group 7A are called halogens. As you can guess The elements in this group have 7 valence electrons. This is an interesting group. The elements in it are of different types, but they all have similar chemical properties.
-The Noble Gases: All the elements i group 8A are noble gases. Helium has 2 valence electrons, and the rest have 8. The noble gases are colorless, odorless, and extremely nonreactive.
-Another way the elements are sorted is by Valence Electrons: An electron that is put in the highest occupied energy level of an atom. They have an important role in chemical reactions. Elements ion a group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.
QUESTIONS
1. Who had the idea of arranging all the elements? (see student solutions)
2. What is an elements atomic number? (see student solutions)
3. How many valence electrons tare in alkali earth metals?
4.What color are transitional metals on the periodic table?
-Although it looks very out of order, and random, the entire table is set up in a pattern and in groups.
-The main way it is organized is by putting all the elements in order of increasing atomic mass.
-Atomic mass: A value that depends on the distribution of an elements isotopes in nature an the masses of those isotopes.
-A man named Mendeleev was the one who had the idea of arranging all the elements in rows according to increasing mass. He did that so that elements with similar properties were in the same column.
-Therefore the official definition of a Periodic Table is: an arrangement of elements in columns, based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row.
-In the modern Periodic Table, elements are arranged by increasing atomic number.
-Atomic Number: The number of protons in an element.
-There are 7 rows, or periods, in the table. There are 32 columns, or groups, in the table.
-Periods- Each row in the table is referred to as a period. Each period has a different amount of elements. Period one has 2 elements. Periods two and three have 8 elements. Periods four and five have 18 elements. Period six has 32 elements. The number of elements per period varies because the number of available orbitals increases from energy level, to energy level.
-Groups- The columns in the table are called groups. Elements within a group have similar properties. Properties of elements repeat in a predictable way when atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into groups. Elements in a group have similar electron configurations. An elements electron configuration determines its chemical properties. Because of that, the members of a group in the periodic table have similar chemical properties. That pattern of repeating properties is known as the periodic law.
-Along with groups and throughout the entire table, are many different types of elements such as metals, nonmetals, metalloids... etc. these are labeled in the periodic table above.
-Alkali Metals: Have a single valence electron and are extremely reactive. Found in nature, only in compounds. For example, table salt. Table salt is a compound of Sodium and Chlorine. They are in group 1A.
-Alkaline Earth Metals: They all have two valence electrons. These metals (found in group 2A) are harder than the metals in 1A. Differences in reactivity among these are shown by the ways they react with water.
-The Boron Family: Group 3A. They all have 3 valence electrons. Boron and Aluminum along with others are found in this group.
-The Carbon Family: Group 4A. Each of the elements in this group contain 4 valence electrons. As you can guess, Carbon is found in this group. Carbon is very important to life. It contold things in our bodies.
-The Oxygen Family: Group 6A. All the elements in this group have 6 valence electrons. Oxygen and Sulfur are two of the elements found in this group.
-The Halogens: Elements in group 7A are called halogens. As you can guess The elements in this group have 7 valence electrons. This is an interesting group. The elements in it are of different types, but they all have similar chemical properties.
-The Noble Gases: All the elements i group 8A are noble gases. Helium has 2 valence electrons, and the rest have 8. The noble gases are colorless, odorless, and extremely nonreactive.
-Another way the elements are sorted is by Valence Electrons: An electron that is put in the highest occupied energy level of an atom. They have an important role in chemical reactions. Elements ion a group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.
QUESTIONS
1. Who had the idea of arranging all the elements? (see student solutions)
2. What is an elements atomic number? (see student solutions)
3. How many valence electrons tare in alkali earth metals?
4.What color are transitional metals on the periodic table?
LIGHT BULB APPLICATION
-The light bulb application for the periodic table is the fact that everything in it is our world. everything around us has its structure on that table. Even the device you are reading this on has components from that table.
-The light bulb application for the periodic table is the fact that everything in it is our world. everything around us has its structure on that table. Even the device you are reading this on has components from that table.